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Introduction, nomenclature and classification of aliphatic amines
Introduction of aliphatic amines
Amines may be regard
Nomenclature of aliphatic amines
Aliphatic amines are named by adding the suffix amine to the name of the alkyl group and it is written as one word
Preparation of primary amines
Alkylation
The most industrially significant amines are prepared from ammonia by alkylati
Physical properties of aliphatic amines
i) Physical state and smell
Lower members of aliphatic amines are gases while h
Chemical Properties of aliphatic amines
Basicity of amines
In amines, there is a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. Th
Nitrous Acid Test,Separation of primary , secondary and tertiary amines by Hoffmann's method: Amines
Test of 10, 20 and 30 amines. (nitrous acid test)
The three classes of amines react differently with nitrous acid.
Nitrous acid is a source of electrophilic nitrosonium ion (O = N+), which reacts with amines. Ni
Laboratory preparation of aniline
Aniline was first prepared by Unverdorben by dry distillation of indigo. In the laboratory, it can be prepared by the reduction of nitrobenzene with tin and hydrochloric acid(HCL).
Physical properties of aromatic amines
Hydrogen bonding significantly influences the properties of primary and secondary amines. Thus the boiling p
Electrophilic substitution of aromatic amines
Halogenation of Aromatic Arenes
This reaction is used as a test for anil
Uses of aniline
Aniline when freshly prepared is a colorless oily liquid (b.p. 184°C). It has a characteristic unpleasant odor and i
Introduction and nomenclature of aliphatic nitrocompounds
Functional groups containing nitrogen are present in a variety of naturally occurring and
IUPAC Nomenclature of nitro alkanes
No. of C
Aliphatic nitro compounds
i) Vapour phase nitration of alkanes
Hydrocarbons when heated with forming nitric acid at 693
Physical properties of nitro compounds
The structure of a nitro group can be represented as a resonance hybrid of two equivalent zwitter ionic pola
Reduction of nitroalkane
Nitro compounds can be reduced to primary amines under a variety of conditions. The various reduction stages of the nitro
Laboratory preparation of nitrobenzene
Aromatic compounds can be directly nitrated using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulphuric acid.
Physical properties of aromatic nitro compounds
Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrogen gas ove
Chemical properties of aromatic nitrocompounds
The nitro group strongly deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution. Nitro grou
Uses of nitrobenzene
Approximately 95% of nitrobenzene is consumed in the production of aniline.
Specialized ap
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